Head and neck cancers are a group of cancers that start in the tissues and organs of the head and neck. These cancers can occur in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands.
The incidence of head and neck cancers in the Philippines is significant, with lip and oral cavity, nasopharyngeal, other pharynx, and laryngeal cancers being the most common types. Early detection and timely access to treatment can help improve outcomes for patients.
CAUSES
- Tobacco and Alcohol Use
Image Source: Freepik Tobacco and alcohol use are the most common risk factors for head and neck cancers. According to the National Cancer Institute, people who use both tobacco and alcohol are at a higher risk of developing these cancers than those who use either tobacco or alcohol alone. Tobacco and alcohol use can cause genetic changes in the cells of the head and neck, leading to the development of cancer.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause head and neck cancers. The virus is responsible for approximately 70% of oropharyngeal cancers (cancers of the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils). HPV-related head and neck cancers are more common in men than women and are often diagnosed in younger people. - Occupational Exposure
Exposure to certain substances in the workplace can increase the risk of developing head and neck cancers. People who work in certain industries, such as construction, metalworking, and textile manufacturing, may be at a higher risk of developing these cancers due to exposure to chemicals and other substances. - Radiation Exposure
Image Source: Freepik Exposure to radiation, either from medical treatments or environmental sources, can increase the risk of developing head and neck cancers. According to the National Cancer Institute, people who have received radiation therapy to the head and neck for a previous cancer are at a higher risk of developing a second cancer in the same area.
- Genetics
In rare cases, head and neck cancers can be caused by inherited genetic mutations. According to the National Cancer Institute, people with certain genetic conditions, such as Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita, are at a higher risk of developing head and neck cancers.
If you think you are at risk for head and neck cancers, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider about screening and prevention strategies as soon as possible.
Sources:
- Head and Neck Cancer, CDC
- Head and Neck Cancers, National Cancer Institute
- Head and Neck Cancers, Mayo Clinic
- Global Cancer Observatory, WHO
