Cancer At A Glance
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with an estimated 19.3 million new cases and 10 million cancer-related deaths recorded in 2020. The lifetime risk of developing cancer varies depending on factors such as age, sex, geographical location, and family history.
Factors Influencing Cancer Risk
Age – A significant risk factor for most cancer types is age since the chances of developing cancer increase as we grow older. The accumulation of genetic mutations in cells increases over time, which increases the probability of one transforming into a cancerous cell.
Genetics: Some individuals are more prone to developing cancer due to inherited genetic mutations that either run in their family or increase their susceptibility to specific cancer types. Examples include BRCA mutations, which heighten the risk of breast and ovarian cancers, and Lynch syndrome, which predisposes individuals to colorectal cancer and other malignancies.
Environmental Factors: Various lifestyle choices and environmental exposures contribute to cancer risk. Tobacco use, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, and excessive sun exposure are among the leading risk factors. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 30% of cancer deaths are due to these five behavioral and dietary risks.
Assessing Cancer Risks
Cancer risk calculators, such as the National Cancer Institute’s Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool and the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s prediction tool for melanoma, can help estimate an individual’s risk for specific cancer types. Although such tools can provide useful information, they are not foolproof as they cannot account for all risk factors and genetic variations. It is crucial to recognize that these calculators should supplement and not replace consultations with healthcare professionals.
How Can I Reduce My Cancer Risk?
Reinforcing preventive measures can significantly decrease an individual’s likelihood of developing cancer. Here are some practical steps:
- Avoid tobacco.
- Limit alcohol consumption.
- Maintain a healthy diet.
- Engage in regular physical activity.
- Protect yourself from the sun.
- Get screened for cancer regularly, especially if you’re at an increased risk due to genetic or environmental factors.
A multifaceted interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influences a person’s cancer risk. While some aspects are beyond our control, adopting preventive measures can help mitigate risks and promote overall well-being.
References:
- Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries, National Library of Medicine
- Cancer Facts & Figures 2021, American Cancer Society
- Genetic Testing for Inherited Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes, National Cancer Institute
- Common Cancer Risk Factors: American Cancer Society
- Cancer – Key Facts, World Health Organization
- Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool, National Cancer Institute
- Melanoma Skin Cancer Stages, American Cancer Society
